After successful government-led afforestation projects, what are the challenges for forest management in the face of climate change in East Asia? This reprint presents studies from the natural and social sciences related to forest conservation, engineering, disaster sociology, and forest policy...

Against a theoretical background which recognizes the gains from trade liberalization, this paper asks whether, and if so to what extent, economic integration as directly measured through vertically integrated value-added has increased or reduced convergence among European industries and related...

This paper employs an input-output modelling approach to quantify the impact of decreases in coffee exports between 2019 and 2020 resulting from the implementation of various COVID-19 policies in Lao PDR. The analysis was undertaken at two levels in investigating the effects of these policies on...

In 2010, Vietnam promulgated the Law on Environmental Protection Tax, introducing a comprehensive package of environmental levies. However, few studies have examined the impacts of such an environmental tax within the country. This study aims to explore the effects of the environmental...

We use Belgian data on domestic firm-to-firm transactions and ask how the measurement of the share of imports in final consumption is affected when one uses data recorded at higher levels of aggregation. We find that aggregating detailed firm-to-firm transaction data to the firm level and...

After China's accession to WTO in 2001, it has substantially reduced its own import tariffs, and since then the participation of China’s various industries in global value chains have all deepened steadily(GVC afterward). The traditional wisdom about import tariff is that proper levels of...