This paper constructs a more unified measurement framework from the perspective of the Leontief inverse matrix and Ghosh inverse matrix (Ghosh). At the same time, referring to the four-term decomposition method of Leontief inverse matrix in Muradov (2016), this paper analyzes the structural...

The dependency on imported essential production inputs poses a threat of abrupt price hikes and shortages, potentially triggered by political events. The energy crisis resulting from the Russian war of aggression is an example. This paper investigates whether governments should bolster...

This paper studies inflation in small open economies with production networks. I show that production networks alter the elasticity of the consumer price index (CPI) to changes in sectoral technology, factor prices, and import prices. Sectors can import and export directly but also indirectly...

The return of inflation in Western economies has fueled the debate on its main drivers, bringing sector-specific shocks and supply chain bottlenecks to the forefront. Building on the seminal approach of Weber et al. (2024), this paper develops a method to assess the degree of exposure to these...

We examine changes in the manufacturing sector value chains of the EU, US, China, and India between 2018 and 2023 by introducing three metrics for supply-chain vulnerability. For our first metric, the physical length of a supply chain based on the distance between the producer of the final...

Measuring carbon contents reliably, for products, firms and industries, is key for identifying climate change related transition risks. Phase 3 of the G20 Data Gaps Initiative requests the collection of emission data and multiregional Input-Output (IO) tables to enable the calculation of...