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Within the puzzle of why conflict persists in natural resource rich countries, and why in the critical case of the DRC in particular, I looked at two questions in detail: First, how the incentive structures of different actors in a ‘conflict economy’, including ‘coping’, ‘conflict’...

This paper attempts to explain how importers, clearance agents and customs officers respond to ongoing customs administration reforms in the DRC. Customs reforms include computerization, single desk system and pre-shipment inspection. The DRC case reveals that the reforms as norms are indeed...