India's financial system has withstood the pandemic well and has become more resilient since the 2017 FSAP. Nonbank financial institutions (NBFIs)-especially nonbank financial companies (NBFCs) providing credit with wholesale financing-and market financing have grown, making the financial system...

We examine the impact of government size on economic fluctuations and the role of fiscal policy in promoting macroeconomic stability in the period 1980-2024. The results indicate that indirect taxes, capital taxes, and social security contributions (as a percentage of GDP) are associated with...

Stimulus transfers are widely used during economic downturns, yet they are often poorly targeted from an economic perspective. I show that political incentives might help explain this discrepancy. I study one of the largest stimulus tax credits in Italy which excluded the poorest individuals and...

We estimate the impact of fiscal stimulus measures enacted in response to COVID-19 on U.S. GDP, investment and exports. We apply a dynamic computable general equilibrium model adept at estimating total direct and indirect effects and their time-path. Initial stimulus bills, including the CARES...

The federal government will be increasingly constrained in its ability to provide effective stimulus in response to future severe cyclical economic downturns. Low interest rates restrict the Bank of Canada’s ability to stimulate private demand through interest-rate cuts. Similarly, high public...