This policy brief draws on the findings of Tverdostup et al. (2025) to examine Austrian firms' responses to labour shortages through automation and migration. Like many European nations, Austria has been grappling with labour shortages over the past decade. These shortages have been influenced...

Criticisms over labour practices in agricultural production often target the living and working conditions of migrant seasonal workers. This article assesses consumer preferences for apples produced under social conditions exceeding current legal standards. The analysis is based on a discrete...