This paper presents the results of an empirical exploration, with data from countries worldwide, of Sraffian, Marxian, and classical political economy. Income distribution, as associated with systems of prices of production, fails to describe many economies. Economies in most countries or...

Despite increasing calls for value-based payments, existing methodologies for determining physicians' "value added" to patient health outcomes have important limitations. We incorporate methods from the value added literature in education research into a health care setting to present the first...

Reich (2013) recapitulates my model (Helmedag 2012a) incorrectly. Above all, he mixes up exogenous with endogenous variables. Moreover, Reich's interpretation of the system's dynamics is on the one hand formally insufficient; on the other hand, matters are presented in a more complicated way...

Pasinetti (1988) constructs ‘vertically hyper-integrated labor coe fficients' for an economic model that exhibits unbalanced growth. The hyper-integrated coe fficients additionally include the labor required to produce investment goods as part of the labor cost of reproducing commodities. In a...

There is globally a debate going on about issues of economic development and how to measure it. The system of national accounts with the gross domestic product (GDP) as its core indicator has become criticized because of measuring the wellbeing of peoples in different countries improperly. The...

The present paper on the now partly well known Russian mathematician and "amateur economist" v. Charasoff was originally written in 1987 together with H. Duffner three years after Charasoff's remarkable contribution of 1910 "Das System des Marxismus" (The system of Marxism) had been rediscovered...