allow us to estimate the covariance structure of a system of latent variable equations. Across a battery of outcomes, we …

of contextual effects in the framework of nonlinear multilevel latent variable model by adopting the Metropolisâ … the performance of nonlinear multilevel latent variable modeling compared to traditional hierarchical linear modeling …. Results suggest that nonlinear multilevel latent variable modeling can more properly estimate and detect contextual effects …

systematic bias in the study of relative ratings. We develop a latent-variable framework for question responses that capitalizes …

campaigns) in bicycle policy. Finally, we propose an empirical method for identifying internal costs using a latent variable …