How do people make investment decisions when they receive outcome feedback? We examined how well the standard mean-variance model and two reinforcement models predict people's portfolio decisions. The basic reinforcement model predicts a learning process that relies solely on the portfolio's...

Research on epistemological foundations is fruitful to understand the different e-learning models and not just to describe them. We develop here the idea that education is fundamentally a process of Communication. And then we can find the three major epistemological perspectives: instrumental...