This paper studies the application of leniency programs. An analysis of the structure and design of leniency programs … and existing literature raises a new question: Are leniency programs effective, in the sense that they deter cartels from … provide an answer. A leniency program does not always lead to a breach of trust. We find that, in certain industries, leniency …

Antitrust authorities have set up leniency programs for cartel members that denounce their collusive agreements. These …

as e.g. leniency programs are also analyzed. Although the number of clear cut policy conclusions is limited …