This paper studies the effects of mothers' long-term pre-conception exposure to local violence on birth outcomes. Using … local violence prior to conception has detrimental effects on infant health at birth. The results suggest that loss of women …, highlighting intergenerational consequences of exposure to local violence. Our findings shed light on the welfare implications of …

This paper studies the effects of mothers' long-term pre-conception exposure to local violence on birth outcomes. Using … local violence prior to conception has detrimental effects on infant health at birth. The results suggest that loss of women …, highlighting intergenerational consequences of exposure to local violence. Our findings shed light on the welfare implications of …

' educational trajectories in receiving schools. To recover our estimates, we exploit the variation in local violence across … high school admission exam and grade progression. For every ten students previously exposed to local violence who migrated …

' educational trajectories in receiving schools. To recover our estimates, we exploit the variation in local violence across … high school admission exam and grade progression. For every ten students previously exposed to local violence who migrated …