Purpose: The overstocked goods flow in the hub of hub-and-spoke logistics network should be disposed of in time, to reduce delay loss and improve the utilization rate of logistics network resources. The problem we need to solve is to let logistics network cooperate by sharing network resources...

Problem definition: In this paper, we study a reliable hub location model, the objective of which is to minimize the associated costs plus the penalty for unserved demands. The model assigns to each origin-destination pair a primary path and a backup path to hedge against the risk of random...