This work analyses the feasibility and sustainability of closed-loop heat-exchangers, also known as Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHEs), in shallow geothermal areas. By circulating a carrier fluid in a closed-loop of pipes installed vertically in a deep well, there is no fluid exchange between the...

Geothermal heat pumps are becoming more and more popular as the price of fossil fuels is increasing and a strong reduction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is needed. The energy performances of these plants are closely related to the thermal and hydrogeological properties of the soil, but a proper...

Utilization of riverbank filtrate water for heating and cooling of buildings can reduce installation costs considerably by using the existing operating facilities for water purification and supply. Changwon city, Korea, has been using riverbank filtrate water for the indoor air-conditioning at...