This paper measures the welfare cost of the Japanese economy in a elost decadef from 1990 to 2002, by using panels of different consumer groups. This paper finds that the costs for consumers in the lower and middle income quintiles and in urban districts are much higher, while it is a benefit...

This paper proposes an alternative measure to the Lucas-Obstfeld model to analyze the welfare costs of stagnation, and provides a practical illustration of both the Lucas-Obstfeld model and the alternative model. Compared with the Lucas-Obstfeld model, the alternative model can evaluate: (i)...

This paper identifies two channels through which the economy can generate endogenous inflation and output volatility, an empirical regularity, by introducing model uncertainty into a Lucas-type monetary model. The equilibrium path of inflation depends on agents' expectations and a vector of...