This paper evaluates the importance of middle class vulnerability to poverty for subjective well-being (happiness) in … importance of income vulnerability for the middle class is on a par with (or even greater than) economic factors such as severe … the lower income bound of the middle class (75% of the national median income) and not the poverty line (60% of the median …

middle-class Muslims in the new normal era. In terms of methodology, this study is a correlational survey research. Research … data were collected through questionnaires as many as 553 middle-class Muslim respondents who live in South Sulawesi … in consumption patterns of the middle-class Muslims does not work optimally. However, this study still finds an important …

concerns over a diminishing middle class and the viability of mass consumption society. This study proposes a model with non … sustain a middle class and necessity producers inclined to support AI-driven automation under minimal redistribution. The …