As the number of multinational enterprises increases, the number of transactions between entities belonging to the same multinational group rises as well. Intercompany transactions generally offer the opportunity to shift income from one jurisdiction to the other. Income shifting can be driven...

Estimation of the cost of capital is difficult in developed markets and even more difficult in emerging markets. Investments in the emerging markets are more risky than in the developed markets but return is also higher. The key question here is whether the return on investments in emerging...

This paper focuses on the Romania’s case in the (former) Central and Eastern European (CEE) region3, as for foreign direct investments (FDI). The flows, stocks (the longer the analyzed period, the less significant the current FDI inflows, unlike the cumulated stocks that become a significant...

Intercompany transactions, financing, and licensing generally offer the opportunity to shift income from one jurisdiction to the other, which may be a valuable instrument for multinationals to reduce the overall tax burden. At the same time, profit shifting imposes risk to governments as it may...