This paper develops G3MOD, a semi-structural gap-trend model designed for frequent external sector forecasts crucial in macroeconomic forecasting. Focused on the G3 economies (US, Euro Area, and China) and the rest of the world, G3MOD leverages insights from central banks' policy models, to...

The paper documents the latest extensions of the Bank of Ghana's Quarterly Projection Model (QPM), used regularly to produce policy analysis and forecasts in support of the Bank's policy processes. The decomposition of GDP allows to separate the agriculture and oil sectors, driven by exogenous...

The calibration of monetary policy is particularly challenging at a time of large shocks. Interest rates in Hungary rose sharply in response a significant increase in inflation and depreciation in the forint in 2022. As inflationary pressures have eased, the base rate has been reduced but...

Over the last decades, macro-economists have renewed their efforts to reduce the gap between monetary macroeconomics and real-world central banking. This paper reviews how macroeconomics has since 2016 approached the possible introduction of retail central bank digital currencies (CBDC). A...

This research study explores how decarbonisation strategies, combined with different ambitious approaches for reducing and slowing resource use, can meet the goals of Austria's circular economy strategy and contribute to carbon neutrality. The study examines the biophysical and economic impacts...