A prominent but underspecified explanation for the rise of populism points to individuals’ feelings of being “left behind” by the development of society. At its core lies the claim that support for populism is driven by the feeling of lacking the societal recognition one deserves. Our...

It is widely accepted that the distribution of power between ethnic groups within a country plays a key role in major social, political, and economic outcomes. Researchers working on the topic have various measures of ethnic dominance and exclusion, and other closely related aspects such as...

This paper is an attempt to analyse the nature and extent of social exclusion across regions, ethno-linguistic groups and different professions in Pakistan. By using household level data of Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey, we have constructed Social Exclusion Index as well...

Social exclusion is a multidimensional concept that captures several forms of disadvantages, which combine to function as barriers towards the full participation of people in society. It can affect people differently according to their position in the life course. In this chapter, we construct...