When regulating the financial system, the volatility phenomenon seems to emerge, practically, as a phenomenon which is intrinsic to the capital market behaviour. Theoretically, the leverage of the firms appears to be a major determinant of the volatility of prices and returns. At the same time,...

In a continuous time, arbitrage free, non-complete market with a zero bond, we find the intertemporal price for risk to equal the standard deviation of the discounted variance optimal martingale measure divided by the zero bond price. We show the Hedging Numeraire to equal the Market Portfolio...