This paper aims to empirically determine the impact of the digital transformation procedure on climate risks. Digitalization is captured by four elements, including digital connectivity (DESI_CONN), digital public services (DESI_DPS), digital human capital (DESI_HC), and integration of digital...

This paper assumes two kinds of social planners who evaluate income distributions concerning social welfare, economic inequality and poverty. The first kind of social planner, SPε , comprises averters to income inequality as measured by the normative parameter ε. The second kind of social...