Purpose: Assembly Line Balancing (ALB) is critical to manufacturing efficiency and productivity. It involves assigning tasks to workstations to optimise performance while satisfying task priority and cycle time constraints. The Simple ALBP (SALBP) is a simplified version of the general problem...

Background: This paper discusses the optimization of a novel fuzzy hierarchical location- routing problem, taking into consideration reliability. The mathematical model presented aims to determine the optimal locations of production centers and warehouses, as well as the optimal routing of...

Passengers must use a set of modes and vehicles to reach their destination in complicated urban structures. Choosing an optimal route is a complicated optimization problem for these passengers. This study proposes a multi-objective optimization algorithm to solve the routing problem in the urban...