Purpose In recent decades, the field of robotic mapping has witnessed widespread research and development in light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques. This paper aims to provide a significant reference for researchers and engineers in...

Purpose The human-following task is a fundamental function in human–robot collaboration. It requires a robot to recognize and locate a target person, plan a path and avoid obstacles. To enhance the applicability of the human-following task in various scenarios, it should not rely on a prior...