Despite progress in the past decade, financial markets in Colombia remain relatively small and shallow. In particular the banking system suffers high intermediation costs, which limit constrains access to finance by households and firms. This paper explores some of the causes behind these...

Gravity models are used to explore the determinants of trade, making use of fixed effect linear estimators and a Poisson estimator (as in Santos Silva and Tenreyro, 2006) with fixed effects. Beyond usual determinants of trade such as GDP, distance, contiguity, free trade areas and language, this...

The aim of the paper is an attempt to assess the economic and organisational situation of the cooperative banking groups, associated in Unico. Unico is an European cooperative banking organization uniting some banks from the EU and Switzerland. The analysis is based on data published by Unico...

Malgré un usage répandu dans le secteur du commerce, le concept de business model (BM) reste largement à préciser. L'objectif de cet article est donc de mettre en évidence les éléments constitutifs d'un BM dans la distribution puis d'en dresser une première typologie. Nous sommes amenés...

We model the interactions between management regimes (municipal vs. delegated) and operating costs of water supply services in order to compare their performance and pricing. We estimate the models from panel data in France. We show that the choice between management regimes at the local...