that influence the modality of these inflows, that is, reflect the preference for FDI rather than other forms of foreign … investment or ‘straight (unbundled) imports of intermediate products by indigenous firms (modality factors)’. The paper …

implications regarding inequality. This paper derives a relation between a Lorenz Curve and the modality of its underlying income … to take into account the modality when selecting a parametric Lorenz Curve. …

over the aid modality. Specifically, multilateral donors (we consider only EC and WB) will cede more recipient control over …