Li, Huijing; Rui, Zhou; Ji, Min - In: Risks : open access journal 11 (2023) 12, pp. 1-25
caused significant financial stress to pension plan sponsors and annuity providers. The widely recognized Lee-Carter model … often assumes linearity in its period effect as an integral part of the model. Nevertheless, deviation from linearity has …-series models: threshold autoregressive model, Markov switching model, structural change model, and generalized autoregressive …