The aim of the paper is to model urban distribution vehicle routing problems by means of hubs in large cities. The idea behind the urban distribution center (DC) is to provide buffer points where cargo and packages which are to be delivered to shops and businesses can be stored beforehand. At...

The present technical note describes a computer tool for determining the horizon brightness diffuse irradiance on a tilted plane in the model of Perez. The applied procedure considers the configuration factor concept, which is calculated using the unit-sphere method. The results obtained with...

This paper presents two mathematical motor-pump models for photovoltaic (PV) applications. These models will allow us to obtain the operating point with the PV array and the flow rate of the pumped water. The modelled motor-pump characteristics are current–voltage and flow–voltage. The...