The objective of this paper is to test the validity of two views of monetarism in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. A Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model is developed and the objective is accomplished by conducting Granger causality tests and estimating variance decompositions and...

The bit-string model of Schulze and Stauffer [Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 16 (2005) 781] is applied to non-equilibrium situations and then gives better agreement with the empirical distribution of language sizes. Here the size is the number of people having this language as mother tongue. In contrast,...

We introduce a single-cell based simulation model of biofilm growth. Each microbial cell is modelled as an autonomous agent whose behavior is controlled by thermodynamic parameters, mechanical properties, physiological rules and environmental conditions. In the two-dimensional version presented...

In this paper, we study the size distortions of the KPSS test for stationarity when serial correlation is present and samples are small and medium-sized. It is argued that two distinct sources of the size distortions can be identified. The first source is the finite-sample distribution of the...