This paper conducts a meta-analysis of the estimated costs of producing Polylactic Acid (PLA). Cost contributions of specific inputs and process stages are identified through a production chain perspective. By applying the Monte Carlo technique, uncertainties in current estimates are reflected,...

We assess the performance of widely-used dynamic panel data estimators based on Monte Carlo simulations of a dynamic economic process. Knowing the true underlying coefficient of the autoregressive term, we show that most estimators exhibit a severe bias even in the absence of measurement errors,...

This paper proposes the sample path generation method for the stochastic volatility version of the CGMY process. We present the Monte-Carlo method for European and American option pricing with the sample path generation and calibrate model parameters to the American style S&P 100 index options...