We consider a dynamic setting in which two sovereign states with overlapping ownership claims on a resource/asset first arm and then choose whether to resolve their dispute violently through war or peacefully through settlement. Both approaches depend on the states’ military capacities, but...

The aim of this contribution is to review the dispute settlement provisions in the EU’s trade agreements and assess their evolution in light of their potential to provide a viable alternative for the EU for the currently challenged WTO dispute settlement mechanism. It reviews the theory of...

In the face of multiple global challenges, in many IOs major policy-making initiatives are under way. In the last two years alone, the WHO started negotiations on a pandemic treaty, the UN kicked off talks on a plastics pollution treaty and the WTO is engaged in ground-breaking initiatives on...

When designing a world trading system for the twenty-first century, “Keep calm and carry on” beats “Move fast and break things.” Global trade is in trouble. Climate change, digital trade, offshoring, the rise of emerging markets led by China: Can the World Trade Organization (WTO), built...

The WTO Panel has found in Mexico Rice that, as set forth by Article 5.8 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement, there shall be "immediate termination" of an anti-dumping investigation where the authorities determine that the dumping margin of individual exporters is de minimis. The only way to...

The expansion of the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) in 2015 was the most successful attempt at trade liberalization under the auspices of the WTO since its inception in 1995. Its success makes it a template for other trade liberalization efforts. In this article, I explain how the ITA...

This paper studies (i) the policy interaction between tariffs and product standards; (ii) how such interaction may affect the welfare justification of national treatment (NT) in product standards. Absent NT, tariff reductions can lead to more discriminatory standards against foreign firms....

Under the Lesser Duty Rule(LDR) of the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement(ADA), anti-dumping duties are imposed as the lower of the two: dumping margin and injury margin. It has been established to impose anti-dumping duties only to the amount necessary to eliminate injury on domestic industries caused...

After great anticipation, at the 12th Ministerial Conference in June 2022, Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) reached a historic Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies that aims to contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This article first provides the necessary...

Africa represents a small share of global production and trade, while hosting half of the extreme poor worldwide. To catch up with the rest of the world, there is no alternative: the continent needs to link its production and trade to the global economy to take advantage of unlimited demand and...