The coastal intermodal cargo-container joint supply chain is a complicated system with several stakeholders and a few challenging decision-making concerns, such as the laden container acceptance and routing problem, the empty container relocation problem, and the water transportation services...

Evaluating supply chain system improvements and international economic integration patterns to changes in expenditure requires urgent attention from short to long-term supply chain disruption review. Following the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union, the UK and the global economies...