This study applied a model predictive control (MPC) framework to solve the cruising control problem of a series hydraulic hybrid vehicle (SHHV). The controller not only regulates vehicle velocity, but also engine torque, engine speed, and accumulator pressure to their corresponding reference...

The distinction between the concepts outputs and outcomes can be made operational based on the consideration of the degree of control a public service producer has over its production activity. Resources are transformed into service outputs under the control of the organisation in question,...