Discounting is standard in economics to consider time preferences of people and account for future market changes. However, so far discounting has mainly been applied to monetary flows and ignored for many ecosystem services. In multi-objective optimization, selectively disregarding time...

In this study, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tool was used to evaluate three seawater desalination alternatives for a rural area of Queensland, Australia, in terms of technical, economic, environmental, health and quality aspects. The studied alternatives encompassed standalone reverse...

The renewable energy transition is a priority for many researchers, policy makers, and political leaders because it is projected to stop the dependence of economic growth on increasing fossil fuel use and thus curtail climate change. This study examines how expert judgments affect development...

District energy systems can not only reduce energy consumption but also set energy supply dispatching schemes according to demand. However, not only the correlation between multiple optimization objectives, but also the time-varying energy demand is ignored when establishing and solving the...

Annually, large amounts of hazardous materials (hazmat) are transported through the roads and this movement causes various accidents. Identifying the causes of these accidents is a critical issue for all public governments.This study aimed to identify the effective risk factors for hazmat road...

A novel multi-condition multi-objective optimization method that can find Pareto front over a defined condition space is developed using deep reinforcement learning. Unlike the conventional methods which perform optimization at a single condition, the present method learns correlations between...

The implementation of the thermal mass of envelope and intelligent controls to the building is a key solution to improve energy flexibility. This study researched the energy flexibility of PCM-based multi-layer wall (PCMMW) from systematic nature of building design and operation control. A new...

Despite the importance of relying on renewable energy sources, oil-producing countries, especially Iran, encounter numerous risks associated with the generation of such energy sources. The present study investigated the risks in renewable energy in Iran. As the first investigation addressing...