Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Safety-Critical System -- Chapter 3 Important Aspects of Cyber Security -- Chapter 4 Mathematical Background -- Chapter 5 Security Analysis Models -- Chapter 6 Comparative Study of Analytical Models -- Chapter 7 Conclusion.

Poverty and crises are rapidly “urbanizing†. Yet experience with operationalizing cash transfers in urban areas is limited. This paper captures early lessons from a new generation of urban cash transfer responses to Covid-19 in eleven African countries. The analysis contextualizes...

This paper assesses the performance of government spending on social protection programs in reducing poverty and inequality in Lesotho, applying benefit incidence and microsimulation methods to 2017-2018 household survey data. The paper investigates the distributional effects of actual spending...