Tri-level optimization problems are optimization problems with three nested hierarchical structures, where in most cases conflicting objectives are set at each level of hierarchy. Such problems are common in management, engineering designs and in decision making situations in general, and are...

In this paper the issue of mathematical programming and optimization has being revisited. The theory of optimization deals with the development of models and methods that determine optimal solutions to mathematical problems defined. Mathematical model must be some function of any solution that...