The landscape of ICOs and its underlying Blockchain technology needs more clarity, given that several overlapping and opposing views exist from governmental institutions, institutional investors, economists, and academia. Those positions stem from confusion, bias, and vested interest. Having...

This Discussion Paper deals with the issue of greenwashing, i.e. the false portrayal of companies as environmentally friendly. The analysis focuses on the US metal industry, which is a major emission source of sulfur dioxide (SO2), one of the most harmful air pollutants. One way to monitor the...

Academia, and economics in particular, faces increased scrutiny because of gender imbalance. This paper studies the job market for entry-level faculty positions. We employ machine learning methods to analyze gendered patterns in the text of 9,000 reference letters written in support of 2,800...

In this study, we examine whether and how managers' intentions to raise equity are associated with future stock price crash risk. Therefore, we apply modern information retrieval techniques to corporate textual disclosures by constructing document embeddings that preserve contextual...

This paper develops a novel topic model for text data by conditioning on observables, named the "Conditional Topic Allocation" (CTA). This data-driven method allows identification of latent topics that explain other observable variables. It is particularly suited for small-scale text data, such...

We construct an index for measuring negative economic sentiment in Finland by using news titles collected from the Finnish broadcasting company Yle's archive. Our approach uses supervised machine learning text classification for detecting news titles featuring negative economic sentiment, and...