Do US Circuit Courts' decisions on criminal appeals influence sentence lengths imposed by US District Courts? This Element explores the use of high-dimensional instrumental variables to estimate this causal relationship. Using judge characteristics as instruments, this Element implements...

Teachers spend a great amount of time grading free text answer type questions. To encounter this challenge an auto-grader system is proposed. The thesis illustrates that the auto-grader can be approached with simple, recurrent, and Transformer-based neural networks. Hereby, the Transformer-based...