network security across the European electricity systems. An output oriented incentive regulatory approach combines the …. We also propose an output-based approach for regulation of network security, which accounts for the risks from natural …, accidental and malicious threats. We conclude that regulation for network security may also involve looking beyond economic …

separately. This paper discusses the issues and proposes on the options for incorporating network security costs within incentive … regulation in a benchmarking framework. The relevant concerns and limitations associated with network security costs accounting … discussed. The discussion suggests that the present regulatory treatment of network security costs using benchmarking is rather …