We propose inventory replenishment and lateral transshipment policies for a distribution network. The distribution centers place weekly regular orders and daily urgent orders to the factory. Two classes of stochastic demands, pre-ordered and peddling, cause either backlogging or lost sales when...

Background: Price is the most authoritative constituent among the factors shaping consumer demand. Growing consciousness among global communities regarding environmental issues makes greenness one of the key factors controlling demand, along with time, which drives demand in markets. This paper...

Background: Inventory planning in retail supply chains requires balancing cost efficiency and service reliability under demand uncertainty and financial limitations. The literature has seldom addressed the joint integration of stochastic demand, deterministic lead times, and supplier-specific...

The reorder point formula in the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model traditionally assumes that demand during the lead-time follows a normal distribution. However, this assumption presents several challenges. First, alternative probability distributions may better capture demand patterns for...

In the automotive sector, excess inventory increases costs and prevents progress toward Sustainable Development Goals, particularly those related to Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9) and Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12). This study introduces an innovative approach...

This study presents a multi-objective optimization model for blood supply chain (BSC) management, aiming to maximize total profit and fulfillment rate and minimize carbon emissions. The model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) and solved using the weighted sum method. The...

This study presents a comprehensive framework for optimizing the Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) with variable screening rates under two distinct inspection scenarios: Sufficient-Inspection-Rate (IRS) and Insufficient-Inspection-Rate (IRI). In the IRS scenario, the production system employs a...