Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) in infinite mixture distributions often lacks closed-form solutions, requiring numerical methods such as the Newton-Raphson algorithm. Selecting appropriate initial values is a critical challenge in these procedures. This study introduces a bootstrap-based...

This study focuses on estimating reliability P[YX], where Y has a Zeghdoudi distribution with parameter a, X has a Zeghdoudi distribution with one outlier present and parameter c, and the remaining (n - 1) random variables are from a Zeghdoudi distribution with parameter b, in order for X and Y...

In finance, implied volatility is an important indicator that reflects the market situation immediately. Many practitioners estimate volatility by using iteration methods, such as the Newton-Raphson (NR) method. However, if numerous implied volatilities must be computed frequently, the iteration...

In finance, implied volatility is an important indicator that reflects the market situation immediately. Many practitioners estimate volatility by using iteration methods, such as the Newton–Raphson (NR) method. However, if numerous implied volatilities must be computed frequently, the...

This article presents an approach using cubic spline function to study Load Flow with a view to acquiring a reliable convergence in the Bus System. The solution of the power flow is one of the extreme problems in Electrical Power Systems. The prime objective of power flow analysis is to find the...