This paper explores cost-effective low-carbon R&D and capital investment portfolios for the electricity generation sector through 2060. We present a novel method for long-term planning by combining an economic model of endogenous non-linear technical change and a generation capacity planning...

Robust optimization is a methodology that can be applied to problems that are affected by uncertainty in the problem's parameters. The classical robust counterpart (RC) of the problem requires the solution to be feasible for all uncertain parameter values in a so-called uncertainty set, and...