We examine the effect of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on total factor productivity (TFP) of home (source of … (GMM) to deal with possible endogeneity and find the following results. First, total OFDI has no effect on the home country …'s TFP. Second, disentangling OFDI by mode of investment reveals both positive and negative reverse spillovers from FDI to …

Numerous studies have explored the impact of Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) on upgrading industrial … upgrading in each province on OFDI to address this gap. The findings suggest that China's industrial structure upgrading … significantly promotes OFDI toward ASEAN countries, though the effect varies by region within China and by the income levels of host …