Latin America has the cleanest energy matrix in the world and is expected to have 70% of its electricity consumption generated from renewable energies by 2030. Colombia is an energy-rich country with an abundance of oil and gas reserves, although these are declining. Colombia also has a large...

This paper investigates whether firms are able to diversify the maturity structure of their bond profiles given the availability of the offshore bond markets. I look at average maturity, maturity structure, and the inverse of the Herfindahl index to explore the maturity diversification effect. I...

Geo-political tensions and disruptions to global value chains have led policy makers to re-evaluate their approach to globalisation. Many countries are considering friend-shoring - trading primarily with countries sharing similar values - as a way of minimising exposure to weaponisation of trade...

Processing trade contributed greatly to China’s economic growth. The total value of China’s processing trade was US $1.7 billion during the initial period of reform and opening up, and reached US $1.2 trillion in 2015. However, the proportion of processing trade in China’s trade volume has...

Based on resource dependence theory we argue for an influence of business groups (BGs) on the board composition of constituent offshore financial multinational enterprises (FMNEs). Using a unique sample of 171 Caribbean FMNEs in an inter-island BG setting, we find BGs’ control in constituent...

Using a policy change in the Netherlands in 2012 that made it easier and less costly for firms to employ high-skilled short-stay non-European Union workers and a matched employer-employee data, this paper shows that firms in high-skill industries respond by both employing a higher share of...