Management control systems (MCS) are designed to achieve the greatest possible goal congruence, where people pursue personal goals that are conducive to the organizational goal. Use and design of MCS are crucial aspects for achieving goal congruence, but they are thought to be contingent to...

The use of tangible rewards in the form of non-cash incentives with a monetary value has become increasingly common at organizations (Peltier, Schultz and Block 2005). Despite their use, the behavioral and performance effects of tangible rewards have received minimal research attention. Relative...

Optimization, which, by definition, can help one find the best solution from all feasible solutions, has sometimes been an interesting and important area for research in science. Solving real and hard optimization problems calls for developing approximate, heuristic, and meta-heuristic...

Present business environment is characterized by high levels of competition, dynamism and technological sophistication. This is especially challenging to organizational managers since they have to design and implement strategies that can achieve and sustain competitive advantages. Consequently,...