Since the pioneering work by Granger (1969), many authors have proposed tests of causality between economic time series. Most of them are concerned only with “linear causality in mean”, or if a series linearly affects the (conditional) mean of the other series. It is no doubt of primary...

The discrete choice or ”referendum” contingent valuation technique has become a popular tool for assessing the value of non-market goods. Surveys used in these studies frequently suffer from large non-response which can lead to significant bias in parameter estimates and in the estimate of...