Parametric stochastic frontier models have a long history in applied production eco- nomics, but the class of tractible parametric models is relatively small. Consequently, researchers have recently considered nonparametric alternatives such as kernel den- sity estimators, functional...

Organic farming technology may be relatively unknown to farmers at the time when they switch from conventional into organic farming. Therefore, experience gained over time and learning by doing may be important determinants in the efficiency of organic farming. It may also take time to reach the...