We introduce the perspective of identity economics to a formal model of rational choice of private transfers to examine … identities affect private transfers through the internalization of social norms governing informal support and incorporate in the … significant role of identity in private transfers in line with the theoretical model. We find that geographical proximity enhances …

, because those households that depend most on private transfers, would be most affected by crowding-out effects. In terms of …. However, the observed transfer pattern is also indicative of an (informal) insurance role of private transfers. Rural … households receive higher private transfers in response to negative shocks. These results can serve as a basis for the design of …

, because those households that depend most on private transfers, would be most affected by crowding-out effects. In terms of …. However, the observed transfer pattern is also indicative of an (informal) insurance role of private transfers. Rural … households receive higher private transfers in response to negative shocks. These results can serve as a basis for the design of …