Working from home reduces real-time visibility of employees within the physical space of the workplace. This makes it difficult to monitor employees' work behavior. Employers may instead monitor employees' outputs and provide incentives through performance pay. The crucial question is what type...

Working from home reduces real-time visibility of employees within the physical space of the workplace. This makes it difficult to monitor employees' work behavior. Employers may instead monitor employees' outputs and provide incentives through performance pay. The crucial question is what type...

This paper analyzes the possibility of creating worker cooperatives in which members are paid not through wages but through dividends calculated on the organization's residual income, as stipulated by the economic theory of the labor-managed firm. It is shown how dividends paid to members can be...