National patent laws protect intellectual property rights. However, these rights can only be enforced in the country that granted the patent. Therefore, a patent owner must pursue infringement or revocation proceedings in each country where his patent rights are challenged even if the defendant...

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder, or FASD, refers to a range of effects that can result from pre-natal exposure to maternal drinking. Under the umbrella of FASD there are several types of diagnoses which are associated with various cognitive and physical impairments. Research suggests that...

This chapter is a comparative study of three decisions of the United States Supreme Court (USSCt) and three decisions of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), reviewing the constitutionality of executive and legislative measures adopted by the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) in the...

Despite the flourishing of judicialisation of rights across the world, scepticism is not in short supply. Critiques range from concerns over the democratic legitimacy and institutional competence of courts to the effectiveness of rights protections. This article takes a step back from this...

A decision to decline to proceed with a case raises difficult questions about the fair and wise use of prosecutorial powers. The difficulties are intensified at the international level where there are disparate cultures, various legal systems and numerous stakeholders to take into account....

At the level of constitutional law, Williams-Yulee is a First Amendment case about judicial campaign fundraising. The First Amendment issues raised by judicial campaigns and money in politics are vital, and they are not the only issues implicated by Williams-Yulee. Williams-Yulee also implicates...

The article is dedicated to the theoretical and practical questions of the legal and political transformation determinants of the Russian judicial system. A judicial reform is a consequence and an indicator of the process of moving to the legal state, market economy, and civil society as the...