into three channels. Public investment reduces private investment costs in the short run, it increases the production …

determinants. To this goal, we use a simple theoretical model, which has the specificity to distinguish between public investment … public spending, we find that public consumption expenditure usually harms global economic growth, whereas public investment … can also theoretically underline the existence of an inverted U-shaped relation between the variation of public investment …

public investment in the twin transition, although the necessary large expansion in public assets is rather unlikely, given …