After 3 years of historic reforms, Myanmar has entered a pivotal stage in its socioeconomic development. Natural, cultural, and demographic advantages are positioning the country for long-term success, but many challenges and potential pitfalls lie ahead. This publication examines how to...

This article examines to what extent Turkish municipalities apply the recently reformed Turkish accrual accounting rules as prescribed by the “Public Financial Management and Control Law, no: 5018” in 2004. As an emerging country, influenced by European and Asian cultures but not fitting to...

This economic report on Tonga is the result of a joint project of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Australian Agency for International Development. It is part of ADB’s Pacific Islands Economic Report series, which aims to assist governments in formulating policy by analyzing a...

This paper argues that attempts at state-building in Afghanistan have led to institutions that are not robust. The state institutions and organizations continue to be highly dependent on external resources and technical expertise, and lack of critical mass of people able and willing to maintain...

We construct a dynamic general equilibrium model to analyze the effects of large energy subsidies in a small open economy. The model includes domestic energy production and consumption, trade in energy at world market prices, as well as private and public sector production. The model is...

The Nigeria budgetary practices have been characterised with indiscipline and flagrant disregards to budgetary rules and procedures. This culture has been substantially attributed to the long years of military rule. This paper juxtaposes military and civilian regimes in Nigeria with respect to...