In this increasingly globalized era, foreign direct investments are considered to be one of the most important sources of external financing for all countries. This paper investigates the causal relationship between trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Romania during the...

We examine the effect of macroeconomic stability, transparent government policies, and anti-monopoly policies on financial market development using extensive panel data of 113 countries over the period 2007 to 2017. By applying ARDL-PMG and controlling for GDP, trade openness, and market size,...

This study contributes to the literature on energy demand by developing a theoretical framework, in which energy demand is a function of total factor productivity (TFP) alongside traditional factors such as price and income. The proposed theoretical framework is examined using annual data on...

We examine the effect of macroeconomic stability, transparent government policies, and anti-monopoly policies on financial market development using extensive panel data of 113 countries over the period 2007 to 2017. By applying ARDL-PMG and controlling for GDP, trade openness, and market size,...